As a result of studying various forms of energy:

Students understand the nature of various forms of energy.

• Describe various forms of energy including light, heat, chemical, electrical and mechanical energy and identify them in various physical settings.  (PIVA1)

1. When operating, ordinary incandescent light bulbs produce a lot of heat in addition to light. Fluorescent light bulbs produce much less heat when operating. If you wanted to conserve electricity, which type of bulb should you use? Explain your answer.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

2. Coal is burned in a power plant that produces electricity. In a house miles away, a light bulb is turned on. Describe the energy transformations involved.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

• Describe kinetic and potential energy transformations in biological, chemical, mechanical and electrical systems. (PIVA2)

Toy Car

3. What energy transformations and forces influence this battery-powered toy car? Explain your answer fully.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

4. Windmills are used to convert wind energy into a more useful form. In most cases, there are three steps in this process. The energy is in a different form at each step. Which of the following flowcharts shows the most likely order of the energy changes?

a. wind energymechanical energysolar energy
b. wind energythermal energymechanical energy
c. wind energysolar energyelectrical energy
d. wind energymechanical energyelectrical energy

• Describe simple machines, including ramps, levers and pulleys, and explain their use in terms of work and forces. (PIVA3)

5. A bicycle is a composite of several simple machines. Describe where these simple machines are found on a bicycle: lever and pulley.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

6. Which of the following objects acts as a lever when pulling a nail?

a. hammer
b. head of nail
c. board
d. point of nail

Students understand the properties of sound and light.

• Describe different classifications within the electromagnetic spectrum in terms of their wavelengths, energies, effects on living organisms, and uses in modern technologies. (PIVB1)

7. Which of the following aspects of electromagnetic radiation best explains why electromagnetic radiation is both useful and harmful to humans?

a. Electromagnetic radiation travels at the speed of light.
b. Electromagnetic radiation can travel through a vacuum.
c. Electromagnetic radiation is energy and can interact with matter.
d. Electromagnetic radiation can be described in terms of both wavelength and frequency.

• Describe the wave properties of sound, including volume and pitch.  (PIVB2)

(no examples provided)

• Explain the behavior of light, including reflection, refraction, absorption.and the phenomenon of color. (PIVB3)

8. Raul’s little sister, Sarah, wants to know why she can see herself in a mirror, but she can see through a window. What should Raul tell his sister to explain the differences between mirrors and windows?

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

9. Which of the following choices best explains why grass on a distant hillside appears green?

a. Grass reflects all colors except green.
b. Grass absorbs only green light from the sun.
c. Grass reflects green light more than any other color.
f. Grass transmits green light in the same way that green-colored cellophane does.

10. The setting sun often appears red. What is the best explanation for this?

a. The surface temperature of the sun is lower at sunset than at other times of the day.
b. The Earth’s atmosphere scatters blue light, so that at the Earth’s surface mostly red light is visible at sunset.
c. The path of light through the Earth’s atmosphere is shorter at sunset than at noon.
d. The surface of the Earth changes infrared radiation into red light.