Human Biology

As a result of studying the structure and function of the human body:

Students understand the structure of the human body and how environmental conditions, nutrition, physical activity and pathogens affect its functioning.

• Describe the structure and function of the major human organ systems (i.e., the circulatory, respiratory, digestive, reproductive and nervous systems). (LIVA1)

1. Which of the following best describes absorption?

a. movement of nutrient molecules into cells lining the digestive tract
b. passage of undigested material out of the digestive tract
c. chemical breakdown of food
d. the act of eating

2. Describe how the nutrients from digested bread move from the digestive organs to muscles and other tissues where they are needed.

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Use the following diagram to answer the question.

3. When an index finger is hit by a hammer, an advantage of the reflex arc is that nerve impulses

a. do not need to travel to the brain first.
b. travel quickly to the brain.
c. travel faster across nerve end gaps.
d. activate sensory organs.

Blood type indicates the type of antigens present on red blood cells. For a transfusion to be successful, the donor’s blood type and the recipient’s blood type must be compatible.  If not, antibodies present in the plasma of the recipient will cause the blood to clump.

BLOOD TYPES

4. According to the table above, a person with which blood type could donate blood to any other individual, regardless of the recipient’s blood type?

a. O
b. A
c. B
d. AB

• Explain the role of nutrients and physical activity in the functioning of the human body. (LIVA2)

5. Nutrition involves those activities by which organisms

a. remove cellular waste products.
b. obtain and process materials needed for other activities.
c. exchange gases with their environment.
d. absorb and circulate materials.

6. Which of the following statements best explains why all animals need food in order to live?

a. Body mass must be maintained, and food supplies the needed body mass.
b. Cells, tissues, and organs require energy to carry out their tasks, and food provides the needed energy.
c. A balanced diet is necessary to maintain strong bones and healthy teeth.
d. Food contains essential vitamins and minerals bodies need in order to synthesize other nutrients.

• Explain the human body’s defense system against infectious diseases and the role of antibiotics and vaccinations. (LIVA3)

(no examples provided)